（考研英语）阅读作文常用主题词汇300个

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一.经济贸易类

1.改革产业结构 reform the structure of industries

2. 亏损企业 loss-making enterprises

3. 搞活企业 enliven enterprises

4. 加快现代化步伐 quicken the modernization drive

5. 跨国公司 transnational corporation / multinational corporation

6. 乡镇企业 township enterprises

7. 国有企业 state-owned enterprises

8. 合资企业 joint ventures

9. 解放生产力 emancipate/ liberate productivity

10.振兴国家经济 invigorate our state economy

11.实行股份制 introduce the shareholding system

12.全面深化改革 deepen reform all round

13.提高经济效益 improve economic results

14.增进效益 increase economic returns

15.宏观经济调控 macro-economic control and management

16. 经济实力 economic strength

17. 经济转轨 economic transformation

18. 经营机制 operative mechanism

19. 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order

20. 引进竞争机制 introduce a competitive mechanism

21. 建立技术密集型企业 set up technologically-intensive enterprises

22. 招商引资 canvass business and introduce investment

23. 房地产 real estate

24. 经济特区 special economic zone

25. 基础设施 infrastructure facilities

26. 豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects

27. 投资热点 investment hot spot

28. 外向型经济 export-oriented economy

29. 按劳分配 distribute according to the work performance

30. 打破平均主义 break / abandon equalitarian

31. 沿海开放城市 open coastal cities

32. 保税区 bonded zone/ area

33. 金融改革 banking system

34. 国民生产总值 Gross National Product

35. 扶贫项目 anti-poverty project

36. 下海经商 plunge into the private business

37. 协调发展 coordinate the development

38. 住房改革 housing reform

39. 社会保障体系 social security system

40. 数字时代 digital times

41. 信息高速公路 the information superhighway

42. 虚拟社区 virtual communities

43. “菜蓝子”工程 the “shopping-basket” project ( the non-staple food project)

44. 拳头产品 knock-out products/ competitive products

45. 市场萧条 slack market

46. 中国质量万里行 China’s Long March to Quality campaign

47. 冒牌产品 fake brand-name products

48. 假冒伪劣商品 fake and poor quality commodities

49. 谋取暴力 reap colossal profits

50. 提出索赔 lodge a claim

51. 投诉 lodge complaint

52. 贸易争端 trade disputes

53. 乱收费 random charges

54. 市场疲软 sluggish market

55 .贸易顺差 favorable trade balance

56. 贸易逆差 unfavorable trade balance

57. 实行优惠政策 launch a preferential policy

58. 繁荣市场 flourish the market

59. 加入世贸组织 accession to the WTO/ entry into the WTO

60. 最惠国待遇 Most-Favored-Nation treatment

61. 消费者协会 consumer’s association

62. 消费者购买力 consumer purchasing power

63. 新兴市场 emerging market

64. 抑制消费 control / inhibit consumption

65. 无形资产 intangible assets

66. 有形资产 tangible assets

67. 市场占有率 market share

68. 严重违约 grave breach of contract

69. 泡沫经济 bubble economy

70. 品牌效应 brand effect

71. 企业重组 reshuffle of enterprises

72. 贸易壁垒 trade barrier

73. 人才流失 brain drain

74. 清理“三角债” break up the debt chain

75. 企业文化 corporate culture

76. 商业炒作 commercial speculation

77. 扩大内需，刺激消费 expand domestic demand and consumption

78. 拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth

79. 连锁反应 chain reaction / domino effect

80. 竞争优势 competitive edge

81. 经济结构调整 economic restructuring

82. 经济增长点 economic growth point ; growth engine

83. 经济过热 overheated economy

84. 经济滑坡 economic downturn

85. 集约化经营 intensive management

86. 灰色收入 gray income

87. 福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system

88. 分期付款 installment payment

89. 从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy

90. 按揭购房 buy a house on a mortgage ; mortgage a house

91. 边际效益 marginal benefit

92. 不良贷款 non-performing loan

93. 裁减冗员 lay off redundant staff; cut down on overstaffing

94. 产品更新换代 upgrade of products

95. 创业园 high-tech business incubator; pioneer park

96. 促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy

97. 家庭联产承包责任制 household contract responsibility system

98. 人才战 competition for talented people

99. 脱贫致富 shake/cast off poverty and set out a road to prosperity

100. 资源优化配置 optimizing the allocation of resources

　　

二.政治类

101. 不正之风 bad / harmful practice

102. 霸权主义 hegemonism

103. 奔小康 strive for a better-off life

104. 论资排辈 assign priority according to seniority

105. 持续发展 sustainable development

106. 重复建设 redundant project

107. 大锅饭 egalitarian practice ( of everyone taking food from the same big pot)

108. 多极化 multi-polarization

109. 科学技术是第一生产力 Science and technology are the primary productive force.

110. 机构臃肿 overstaffing in organization

111. 机构改革 institutional restructuring; streamlining

112. 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government

113. 窗口行业 service trade

114. 核心竞争力 core competitiveness

115. 减员增效 downsizing of staff and improving efficiency

116. 减轻农民负担 reduce farmer’s burdens; lighten the burden on them

117. 跨越式发展 great-leap-forward development

118. 跨世纪发展 trans-century project

119. 民主集中制 democratic centralism

120. 讲诚信﹑反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating

121. 强权外交 power diplomacy

122. 人浮于事 overstaffing

123. 侵吞公款 embezzle public funds

124. 群带关系 networking through petticoat influence

125. 求同存异 seek common ground on major issues while shelving differences on minor ones

126. 滥用权力 abuse one’s power; misuse one’s authority

127. 廉政建设 build a clean and honest government

128. 三步走战略 the three-step development strategy

129. 三讲教育 three emphases education—emphasize theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct

130. 三峡工程 Three gorges project

131. 贪污腐化 corruption and degeneration

132. 思想僵硬 fossilized concept

133. 西部开发 the development of China’s west

134. 发展是硬道理 Development is an invariable truth

135. 坚持四项基本原则 uphold the four cardinal principles

136. 地方保护主义 regional protectionism

137. 拜金主义 money worship

138. 行贿受贿 give and take bribery

139. 走后门 get in by the back door / enter by the back door

140. 和平演变 peaceful evolution

141. 贪脏枉法 take bribes and bend the law

142. 以权谋私 abusing power for money

143. 拉关系 try to establish a relationship with sb.

144. 权钱交易 trading power for money

145. 扫黄运动 anti-pornography campaign

146. 公款吃喝 enjoy banquet on public funds

147. “一国两制”的原则 the principle of “one country, two systems:”

148. 两大主题 two principle themes

149. 坚持一个中国立场 stick to one-China position

150. 全国人民代表大会 National People’s Congress

151. 与国际接轨 synchronize with the world; accord with international norms

152. 社会主义物质文明 socialist material wellbeing

153. 社会主义精神文明 socialist culture and ideology

154. 实现中华民族伟大复兴

bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation

155. 歪风邪气 unhealthy practices and evil phenomena

156. 温暖工程 adequate food and clothing program

157. 知识产权 intellectual property right

158. 综合国力 comprehensive national strength

159. 最低生活保障制度 systems for ensuring a minimum standard of living

160. 政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management

161. 与时俱进 keep pace with the times

162. 闲置人员 idle hand

163. 养老保险 endowment insurance

164. 以经济建设为中心 focus on the central task of economic construction

165. 下岗职工基本生活费 subsistence allowance for laid-off workers

166. 世界观﹑人生观﹑价值观

world outlook, outlook on life and values

167. 实事求是 seek truth from facts

168. 试点工程 pilot project

169. 政府廉洁高效 clean and efficient government

170. 战略伙伴关系 strategic partnership

三.教育与科学技术类

171. 科技含量 technology content

172. 科教兴国

rely on science, technology and education to rejuvenate the nation

173. 可持续发展战略 strategy of sustainable development

174. 工业园区 industrial park

175. 技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product

176. 新兴学科 new branch of science

177. 边缘学科 frontier science

178. 高速宽带互联网 high-speed broadband networks

179. 电脑病毒 computer viruses

180. 电子商务 e-commerce; e-business

181. 黑客 hacker

182. 数字地球 digital globe

183. 局域网 local area network

184. 人工智能 artificial intelligence

185. 网上冲浪 web-surfing

186. 网络世界 cyber world

187. 网上犯罪 cyber crime

188. 信息高速公路 information highland

189. 网民 netizen

190. 虚拟现实 virtual reality

191. 克隆 cloning

192. 基因工程 genetic engineering

193. 转基因食品 genetically modified food

194. “神舟六号”载人飞船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou VI

195. 掌上电脑 palm computer

196. 主页 home page

197. 语音信箱 voice mail

198. 网络经济 cyber-economy

199. 网虫 netter; Internet geek

200. 网恋 cyber romance; virtual romance

201. 高精尖技术 high-grade, high-precision, advanced technology

202. 科技扶贫 support poor areas using technology

203. 科研攻关 work towards key technological breakthroughs

204. 自费研究生 self-supporting graduate student

205. 委托培养 consign the training of personnel to a certain school

206. 填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching

207. 启发式教学 heuristic education

208. 复合型人才 interdisciplinary talent

209. 论文答辩 thesis oral defense

210. 素质教育 quality-oriented education

211. 教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people

212. 九年制义务教务教育 nine-year compulsory education

213. 德智体美劳全面发展

all around development of moral, intellectual,physical,aesthetics and labor education

214. 知识产权 intellectual property

215. 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude

216. 硕博连读

a continuous academic program that involves postgraduate and doctoral study

217. 双学位 double degree

218. 双向选择 two-way selection

219. 人才流失 brain drain

220. 陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste and temperament

221. 学生减负 alleviate the burden on students

222. 学术交流 academic exchanges

223. 学科带头人 pace-setter in scientific research

224. 德才兼备 have both political integrity and ability

225. 攻读硕士学位 study for a doctoral degree

226. 文科生 students of liberal arts

227. 理科生 students of science

228. 爱国主义教育 education in patriotism

229. 择优录取 enroll the excellent students

230. 毕业论文 graduation thesis

231. 毕业设计 graduation project

232. 义务教育 compulsory education

233. 高等教育 higher education

234. 选修课程 optional courses

235. 主修课程 major courses

236. 重点学科 key disciplinary areas

237. 德智体全面发展的学生

students who are well developed morally, intellectually and physically

238. 教育部 Ministry of Education

239. 博士生导师 doctoral supervisors

240. 世界观﹑人生观﹑价值观 word outlook, outlook on life and values

四. 文化社会生活类

241. 彩票 lottery ticket

242. 保健食品 health-care food

243. 暴发户 new rich; upstart

244. 民工潮 farmer’s frenzied hunt for work in cities

245. 下岗工人 laid-off workers

246. 人口老龄化 aging/ graying population

247. 人口高峰 baby boom

248. 人口负增长 negative population growth

249. 流动人口 moving population

250. 收视率 viewing rate

251. 售后服务 after-sale service

252. 再就业工程 re-employment project

253. 自由职业者 free lancer

254. 性别歧视 sexual discrimination

255. 性价比 cost performance

256. 水货 smuggled goods

257. 水土流失 soil erosion

258. 文化渗透 cultural infiltration

259. 跳槽 job-hopping

260. 抢购 panic buying

261. 甩卖 clearance sale

262. 公益广告 public-interest advertisement

263. 让利 offer discounts

264. 出国热 craze for going abroad

265. 社会福利制度 the social welfare system

266. 享受公费医疗 enjoy public health care

267. 世界卫生组织 World Health Organization (WHO)

268. 黄昏恋 twilight love

269. 贺岁片 New Year film

270. 记者招待会 press/ news conference

271. 卖淫嫖娼 prostitute oneself and visit prostitutes

272. 制造假钞 make the false notes

273. 吸毒者 a drug addict

274. 出售黄色录像 sell obscene video tapes

275.传销 pyramid-selling; multi-level marketing

五.环境法律医疗类等

276. 温室效应 green-house effect

277. 沙漠化 desertification

278. 过度放牧 overgrazing

279. 过度捕鱼 over-fishing

280. 滥砍乱伐 clear-cutting

281. 退耕还林 return cultivated land to forest

282. 沙尘暴 sand storm

283. 生态危机 ecological forest

284. 破坏生态平衡 destroy / upset the ecological balance

285. 自然保护区 nature reserve

286. 环境绿化 environmental greening

287. 禽流感 bird flu

288. 疯牛病 mad cow disease/ BSE

289. 口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease

290. 非典 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

291. 偷税﹑骗税 tax evasion and tax fraud

292. 扫黄打非 eliminate pornography and illegal publications

293. 严打斗争 strike-hard campaign

294. 公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序

a new and rational new international political and economic order

295. 外交纷争 diplomatic disputes

296. 维护世界和平 safeguard world peace

297. 国际惯例 international common practice

298. 民族分裂主义 ethnic separatism

299. 宗教极端主义 religious extremism

300. 世界的基本格局 basic world pattern

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