（2020翻译硕士考研）语音学概述

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　越来越多的小伙伴选择报考翻译硕士，顾名思义，翻译硕士的翻译基础一定不可缺少。以下是中公考研小编为大家整理的"【2020翻译硕士考研】语音学概述"的相关内容，希望对考研的同学有所帮助，一起来看看吧!

　　语音学是研究言语声音(即语音)的语言学分支学科。狭义的语音学对应英语中phonetics(发音)一词，关切的重点在具体语音本质以及产生语音的方法，与之相对的是音韵学(或称音系学)，研究音位或语音区别特征在某种语言中运作的抽象规则和语音的系统。广义的语音学是指这两大方面研究的总合。语言学中的语音学主要是狭义的语音学。

　　语音学是语言学介绍的第一章节的内容，因为语音是最小的语言单位，在此基础上构成单词，句子，才有接下来的形态学和句法学。语音学主要涉及到三个知识点，一是语音学的定义，二是语音学的分类，三是元音和辅音。

　　一、语音学的定义

　　The study of the speech sounds that occur in all human languages is called phonetics. The task of phonetics is to identify what are speech sounds in a language and then to study their characteristics.

　　对于语言学来说，每一个微观分支下最需要掌握的就是定义，学会把握微观语言学定义的核心关键词是记忆概念的要点。

　　二、语音学的分类

　　According to the process of speech production and perception, phonetics includes three branches: articulatory phonetics, auditory phonetics, and acoustic phonetics.

　　(1) Articulatory phonetics: It is a branch of phonetics which is the study of the production of speech sounds.

　　(2) Auditory phonetics: It is a branch of phonetics which studies the sounds from the hearer's point of view, that is, how the sounds are perceived by the hearer.

　　(3) Acoustic phonetics: It is a branch of phonetics which studies the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech.

　　三、元音和辅音

　　(1)元音(元音的定义和分类标准)

　　Vowels are sounds produced without obstruction, so no turbulence or a total stopping of the

　　air can be perceived.

　　The criteria of vowel description are as follows：

　　The height of the tongue raising 一 high, mid, low;

　　The position of the highest part of the tongue 一 front, central, back;

　　The length or tenseness of the vowel—long, short or tense, lax;

　　The shape of the lips—rounded, unrounded.